Factors associated with stunting in children aged under five years: A systematic review

Prasetyo, Yoyok Bekti (Community Nursing Departement-Faculty of Health Sciences- University Muhammadiyah of Malang, East Java, Indonesia)
Syafi'i, Doni Muhammad (Nursing student, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Muhammadiyah Malang)

Jurnal Gizi dan Dietetik Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Nutrition and Dietetics)
VOLUME 12 ISSUE 6, 2024

Background: Nutritional intake determines the future growth and development of children under five. Objectives: This article aims to analyze the direct and indirect determinants of stunting. Methods: Systematic literature review selected from Scient Direct, Taylor & Francis, ProQuest, Wiley Online Library, and Pubmed. Publication years: Post-2017. Articles will be selected using PRISMA (Preferred. Reporting Items for Systematic. Reviews and Meta-analyses). Result: The direct factors causing stunting include boys (aOR 2.2; 95% CI 1.1-4.2) and low birth weight (aOR 2.55; 95% CI 2.05–3.15). Indirect factors include low socioeconomic (aOR = 5.41, 95% CI 3.91–7.48); low education (aOR = 2.55, 95% CI 1.26–5.17); pregnancy interval (AOR 0.71; 95% CI 0.58-0.87); and physical violence against mothers (aOR 1.83; 95% CI 1.21-2.77). Conclusions: The causes of stunting include child and other factors. Factors outside the child have more variations, including maternal, nutritional, and environmental factors.