<![CDATA[The aim of this research is to explore the development of gene therapy in the era of modern biotechnology and analyze its application in the treatment of genetic and non-genetic diseases. The research uses the literature review method, which involves collecting, analyzing, and synthesizing relevant scientific sources to answer research questions. The research results obtained based on a literature approach, namely gene therapy in the era of modern biotechnology, have shown significant progress in the treatment of various genetic and non-genetic diseases. Technologies such as CRISPR-Cas9 enable high-precision DNA editing, which has been used to correct genetic mutations, while for non-genetic diseases, gene therapy has provided innovative solutions, such as engineered CAR-T cells and RNA interference (RNAi). Gene therapy still faces various challenges, including the risk of off-target mutations, the body's immune response, and ethical issues and high costs. Gene therapy, as a result of technological developments and research, is expected to be an important solution for various diseases that have been difficult to treat.]]>
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