Indonesian Sea Sand Exports: UNCLOS Compliance v. Environmental Sustainability Dilemma Explored

Yordan Gunawan (Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta and Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Spain)
Muhammad Praditya Dananjaya (Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta)
Setiyantoro Wahyu Aditama (Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta)
Muhammad Daffa Auliarizky Onielda (National Tsing Hua University, Taiwan)

JURNAL HUKUM
Vol 41, No 2 (2025): Jurnal Hukum

This study aims to analyze the impact of Indonesia's sea sand exports on UNCLOS compliance and environmental sustainability. The methodology involved analyzing UNCLOS policies related to marine sediment exports and the environment, evaluating literature sources that included case studies and analyzing the impacts of sea sand exports, and fieldwork by conducting interviews with government officials, environmental experts, and local residents. The results highlight that Indonesia's export of marine sand violates UNCLOS and harms the environment. Therefore, sustainable measures are needed, including strict monitoring of exports, better environmental management, and involving communities in the decision-making process. In order to resolve this conflict, the Indonesian government needs to adopt a sustainable approach, recognize the impact on the environment, and involve various parties in an effort to maintain the sustainability of sea sand exports while complying with UNCLOS.