<![CDATA[Automatic text summarization (ATS) has become an essential task for processing huge amounts of information efficiently. ATS has been extensively studied in resource-rich languages like English, but research on summarization for under-resourced languages, such as Bahasa Indonesia, is still limited. Indonesian presents unique linguistic challenges, including its agglutinative structure, borrowed vocabulary, and limited availability of high-quality training data. This study conducts a comparative evaluation of extractive, abstractive, and hybrid models for Indonesian text summarization, utilizing the IndoSum dataset which contains 20,000 text-summary pairs. We tested several models including LSA (Latent Semantic Analysis), LexRank, T5, and BART, to assess their effectiveness in generating summaries. The results show that the LexRank+BERT hybrid model outperforms traditional extractive methods, achieving better ROUGE precision, recall, and F-measure scores. Among the abstractive methods, the T5-Large model demonstrated the best performance, producing more coherent and semantically rich summaries compared to other models. These findings suggest that hybrid and abstractive approaches are better suited for Indonesian text summarization, especially when leveraging large-scale pre-trained language models.]]>
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