Analysis of Factors Related to Diabetes Self-Management in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Rural Areas

Akbar, M. Agung
Sahar, Junaiti
Rekawati, Etty
Sartika, Ratu Ayu Dewi
Gupta, Prateek

Nurse Media Journal of Nursing
Vol 15, No 1 (2025): (April 2025)

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a global health problem with an increasing prevalence. Most related studies focus on Diabetes Self-Management (DSM) in urban populations or general contexts, leaving a gap in understanding the specific factors affecting DSM among rural T2DM patients. Therefore, there is limited understanding of the factors that influence DSM in rural T2DM patients.Purpose: This study aimed to investigate DSM in rural T2DM patients and its associated factorsMethods: This study employed a cross-sectional design. The samples involved 146 patients with T2DM from the community health center in Ogan Komering Ulu Regency, Indonesia, selected using a simple random sampling technique. Diabetes Knowledge Questionnaire (DKQ), Diabetes Management Self-Efficacy Scale (DMSES), Hensarling Diabetes Family Support Scale (HDFSS), and Diabetes Self-Management Instrument (DSMI) were used for data collection. The t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation, and multiple linear regression were used to analyze the data.Results: The study found a significant relationship between gender (p=0.001), knowledge (p=0.001), self-efficacy (p=0.001), and family support (p=0.032) with DSM in rural T2DM patients. However, the multiple regression analysis revealed that self-efficacy (β=0.392, p=0.001), gender (β=0.283, p=0.001), and duration of DM (β=-0.189, p=0.012) significantly affected  DSM in patients with T2DM in rural areas, explaining  28 percent of the variance  (R2=0.280).Conclusion: The results indicated a significant relationship between gender, knowledge, self-efficacy, and family support with DSM in T2DM patients in rural areas, with self-efficacy being the most dominant factor affecting DSM. This study recommends that community nurses can play a pivotal role in designing and implementing interventions enhancing self-efficacy. Additionally, the involvement of PROLANIS, collaborating with key community figures, is crucial to increasing community participation and support for effective diabetes self-management.