Jurnal Ilmiah Ahwal Syakhshiyyah (JAS)
Vol 7 No 1 (2025): Jurnal Ilmiah Ahwal Syakhshiyyah (JAS)

TINJAUAN ‘URF TERHADAP PRAKTIK MALANGKAHI DALAM PERKAWINAN ADAT MANDAILING (Studi Kasus Di Desa Mampang, Kec. Kotapinang, Kab. Labuhanbatu Selatan)

Fikri Alwi Nasution (Unknown)
Zainal Arifin Purba (Unknown)



Article Info

Publish Date
14 Apr 2025

Abstract

This study aims to examine the practice of malangkahi custom in Mandailing community marriage in Mampang Village, which is a tradition that prohibits younger siblings from marrying before their older siblings. This research uses a qualitative method with an empirical juridical approach through interviews with traditional leaders and the local community. The results show that the practice of malangkahi is still strongly applied with consequences in the form of fines or step wages (upa lakka) that must be paid to the stepped brother. The amount of the fine has no definite limit and is determined by the stepped party, usually in the form of cash, traditional cloth, and jewelry. This practice causes various negative impacts such as delayed marriage, elopement (marlojong), and pregnancy outside of marriage due to the inability to fulfill customary requirements. From the perspective of Islamic law, there is no explicit prohibition in the Qur'an or Hadith for younger siblings to marry before their elders. In conclusion, the malangkahi custom is divided into two categories: 'urf fasid' if its implementation causes harm that contradicts the principles of Islamic law and 'urf sahih' if its implementation meets the criteria of justice and the benefits of Islamic law. Kata kunci: urf, marriage, mandailing. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji praktik adat malangkahi dalam pernikahan masyarakat Mandailing di Desa Mampang, yaitu sebuah tradisi yang melarang adik menikah mendahului kakaknya. Penelitiaan ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan yuridis empiris melalui wawancara dengan tokoh adat dan masyarakat setempat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa praktik malangkahi masih kuat diterapkan dengan konsekuensi berupa denda atau upah langkah (upa lakka) yang harus dibayarkan kepada kakak yang dilangkahi. Besaran denda tidak memiliki batasan pasti dan ditentukan oleh pihak yang dilangkahi, biasanya berupa uang tunai, kain adat, dan perhiasan. Praktik ini menimbulkan berbagai dampak negatif seperti tertundanya pernikahan, kawin lari (marlojong), hingga kehamilan di luar nikah karena ketidakmampuan memenuhi persyaratan adat. Ditinjau dari perspektif hukum Islam,  tidak ada larangan eksplisit dalam Al-Qur'an maupun Hadis bagi adik untuk menikah mendahului yang lebih tua. Kesimpulannya, adat malangkahi terbagi  kedalam  dua kategori yaitu urf fasid jika pelaksanaannya menimbulkan kemudharatan (bahaya) yang bertentangan dengan prinsip syariat Islam dan ‘urf sahih  jika pelaksanaannya memenuhi kriteria keadilan dan kemaslahatan syariat. Keywords: ‘urf, nikah, mandailing

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Journal Info

Abbrev

JAS

Publisher

Subject

Religion Humanities Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Social Sciences

Description

Jurnal Ilmiah Ahwal Syakhshiyyah (JAS) is the scholarly journal that publishes original and contemporary researches and thoughts concerning with: Islamic Law Family Studies Marriage Inheritance Gender Human ...