<![CDATA[Water quality plays a crucial role in the growth and survival of arowana fish, with imbalances in key parameters (pH, temperature, turbidity, dissolved oxygen, and conductivity) leading to increased mortality rates. While previous studies have introduced various monitoring models using Arduino IDE and intrinsic approaches, they lack predictive capabilities, leaving cultivators unable to take proactive measures. To address this gap, this study develops a predictive model integrating the internet of things (IoT) with a fuzzy time series (FTS) algorithm. Through rigorous evaluation and validation, the proposed FTS-multivariate T2 model demonstrated superior performance, achieving an exceptionally low error rate of 0.01704%, outperforming decision tree (0.13410%), FTS-multivariate T1 (0.88397%), and linear regression (20.91791%). These findings confirm that FTS-multivariate T2 not only accurately predicts water quality but also significantly reduces the mean absolute percentage error, providing a robust solution for sustainable arowana aquaculture.]]>
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