This study investigates the integration of Lean Management and Industry 4.0 technologies in supply chain management to assess their combined impact on efficiency, sustainability, and responsiveness. Using a systematic narrative review of literature from Scopus, Google Scholar, and PubMed, the research highlights that Lean practices like Kanban and Value Stream Mapping significantly enhance cycle times, reduce waste, and boost productivity across various sectors. When integrated with technologies such as IoT and big data analytics, these practices enable real-time insights and better decision-making. However, challenges like resistance to change, limited leadership support, cultural issues, and skill gaps hinder effective implementation, especially in developing countries. The study underscores the importance of leadership, training, internal policies, and technology investment, and advocates for adaptive, inclusive frameworks to overcome current barriers. It concludes by highlighting Lean Management’s transformative potential when aligned with digital innovations, offering guidance for future research and policy-making in sustainable and agile supply chains.
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