This study explores the translation of Uzbek neologisms into English, focusing on the influence of cultural and contextual factors. The analysis highlights how cultural differences, domain-specific characteristics, and the impact of social media shape translation strategies and semantic accuracy. Using corpus linguistics methods, the study examines neologisms across various sectors, including technology (80% translated via calquing or direct translation), economics (70% calquing), culture (60% descriptive translation), and social media (70% transliteration). Examples such as “xalqona” (folk-style/traditional Uzbek-style) and “xesh” (hashtag) illustrate the challenges of preserving cultural nuances and standardizing informal terms. Corpus analysis reveals that 40% of neologisms are included in Uzbek explanatory dictionaries, while only 30% have equivalents in Uzbek-English translation dictionaries, with 70% of social media neologisms absent. The findings propose corpus-based approaches and standardized equivalents to enhance dictionary coverage and optimize translation processes, contributing to the fields of linguistics and translation studies
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