<![CDATA[Induction motors (IMs) are widely used in industrial applications due to their cost-effectiveness, durability, and low maintenance requirements. This study investigates the speed control of an induction motor using vector control combined with a PID controller whose parameters are tuned via Particle Swarm Optimization (PID-PSO). A reduced-order small-signal state-space model is derived from a detailed nonlinear IM model to facilitate efficient controller tuning while maintaining fidelity to real-world behavior. The PID parameters are optimized using PSO, with the Integral of Absolute Error (IAE) selected as the objective function due to its ability to penalize long-duration deviations and reflect steady-state performance. The optimized PID controller is then validated on the full nonlinear IM model under speed and load variations. Simulation results demonstrate that PID-PSO significantly outperforms manually tuned PID control in terms of tracking accuracy, reducing IAE by 37.79% and 14.76% under speed and load variation conditions, respectively. However, this improvement comes at the cost of slightly slower settling time. These results highlight a trade-off between accuracy and transient response, motivating future research on multi-objective optimization to balance conflicting criteria such as robustness, energy efficiency, and response time.]]>
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