<![CDATA[The rapid advancement of Internet of Things (IoT) technology offers significant potential for environmental monitoring systems. This study investigates IoT applications in environmental monitoring through a specific case study of air quality monitoring in urban areas. Using a methodology combining literature review and MATLAB simulation, we developed a hybrid IoT architecture that integrates edge and cloud computing with LoRaWAN sensor networks. Our comparative analysis of Zigbee vs. LoRaWAN protocols reveals key performance differences: Zigbee achieves 250 kbps bandwidth while LoRaWAN operates at 0.3-50 kbps, with latency thresholds below 100ms for real-time alerts and sensor accuracy of ±10% for PM2.5 measurements. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed IoT system detects air pollution 2 hours faster than traditional manual systems, achieving 20% improvement in sensor accuracy over conventional monitoring approaches. The hybrid architecture enables cost-effective, scalable environmental monitoring with enhanced real-time capabilities for early warning systems and decision support mechanisms.]]>
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