Hubungan risiko postur tubuh dan status merokok dengan keluhan muskuloskeletal pada nelayan

Manik, Mawar Medika
Kandou, Grace Debbie
Kawatu, Paul Arthur Tennov

Holistik Jurnal Kesehatan
Vol. 19 No. 3 (2025): Volume 19 Nomor 3

Background: Musculoskeletal complaints are commonly experienced by workers due to improper body posture or poor body mechanics. These complaints manifest as pain, stiffness, and decreased body function due to prolonged physical strain. Fishermen are among the occupational groups at high risk of developing musculoskeletal disorders due to the nature of their work. Additionally, smoking habits are frequently observed among fishermen, which may influence their health conditions. Purpose: To analyze the relationship between the risk of work posture and smoking status with musculoskeletal complaints in fishermen. Method: Quantitative analytical approach with cross-sectional design. Data collection using Nordic Body Map (NBM) to assess musculoskeletal complaints and Rapid Whole Body Assessment (REBA) to measure body posture in a sample of 100 respondents. Univariate analysis was performed to describe the characteristics of each variable, while bivariate analysis was performed using Spearman's rho correlation test. Results: Showed that 59 respondents (59%) reported musculoskeletal complaints as slightly painful, while 41 respondents (41%) experienced severe complaints (pain). The assessment of body posture risk showed that 59 respondents (59%) were in the very high risk category, 29 respondents (29%) were in the high risk category, and 12 respondents (12%) were in the moderate risk category. Based on smoking status, 35 respondents (35%) were moderate smokers, 31 respondents (31.%) were light smokers, and 19 respondents (19.%) were heavy smokers. A significant relationship was found between the risk of work posture and musculoskeletal complaints (p = 0.001). However, no significant relationship was found between smoking status and musculoskeletal complaints (p = 0.478). Conclusion: The risk of work posture has a significant relationship with musculoskeletal complaints in fishermen. However, smoking status did not show a significant relationship with musculoskeletal complaints in this population.     Keywords: Body Posture; Fishermen; Musculoskeletal Complaints; Smoking Status; Work Activities.   Pendahuluan: Keluhan muskuloskeletal umum dialami oleh pekerja akibat postur tubuh yang tidak tepat atau mekanika tubuh yang buruk. Keluhan ini ditandai dengan nyeri, kekakuan, dan penurunan fungsi tubuh akibat tekanan fisik yang berkepanjangan. Nelayan termasuk dalam kelompok pekerja yang memiliki risiko tinggi mengalami keluhan muskuloskeletal karena sifat pekerjaannya. Selain itu, kebiasaan merokok sering ditemukan di kalangan nelayan juga dapat memengaruhi kondisi kesehatan mereka. Tujuan: Untuk menganalisis hubungan antara risiko postur kerja dan status merokok dengan keluhan muskuloskeletal pada nelayan. Metode: Pendekatan analitik kuantitatif dengan desain cross-sectional. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan nordic body map (NBM) untuk menilai keluhan muskuloskeletal dan rapid entire body assessment (REBA) untuk mengevaluasi postur tubuh pada  sampel sebanyak 100 responden. Analisis univariat dilakukan untuk mendeskripsikan karakteristik setiap variabel, sementara analisis bivariat dilakukan dengan uji korelasi Spearman’s rho. Hasil: Menunjukkan bahwa 59 responden (59%) melaporkan keluhan muskuloskeletal agak sakit, sementara 41 responden (41%) mengalami keluhan berat (sakit). Penilaian risiko postur menunjukkan bahwa 59 responden (59%) masuk dalam kategori risiko sangat tinggi, 29 responden (29%) dalam kategori risiko tinggi, dan 12 responden (12%) dalam kategori risiko sedang. Berdasarkan status merokok, 35 responden (35%) merupakan perokok sedang, 31 responden (31.%) perokok ringan, dan 19 responden (19.%) perokok berat. Ditemukan hubungan yang signifikan antara risiko postur dan keluhan muskuloskeletal (p = 0.001). Namun, tidak ditemukan hubungan yang signifikan antara status merokok dan keluhan muskuloskeletal (p = 0.478). Simpulan: Risiko postur kerja memiliki hubungan yang signifikan dengan keluhan muskuloskeletal pada nelayan. Namun, status merokok tidak menunjukkan hubungan yang signifikan dengan keluhan muskuloskeletal pada populasi ini.   Kata Kunci: Aktivitas Kerja; Keluhan Muskuloskeletal; Nelayan; Postur Tubuh; Status Merokok.