Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Kepatuhan Minum Obat Pasien Hipertensi di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Kassi-Kassi Kota Makassar: Factors Affecting Adherence to Taking Medication for Hypertension Patients in the Working Area of the Kassi-Kassi Health Center, Makassar City

Jumriati, Jumriati
Arman, Arman
Mahmud, Nur Ulmy

Journal of Aafiyah Health Research (JAHR)
Vol. 6 No. 2 (2025): JULY-DECEMBER

ABSTRAK Latar Belakang: Hipertensi didefinisikan sebagai peningkatan tekanan darah secara menetap. Hipertensi  dijuluki silent killer karena gejalanya sulit dikenali atau bahkan tidak menimbulkan gejala sama sekali. Data Puskesmas Kassi-kassi kota Makassar menemukan pasien hipertensi selama tiga tahun terakhir mengalami peningkatan, data terakhir  tahun 2024 berjumlah 16.547 kasus (26,3%). Tujuan: Untuk menganalisis faktor yang mempengaruhi kepatuhan minum obat pasien hipertensi. Metode: Peneltian ini dilaksanakan di wilayah kerja puskesmas Kassi-kassi kota Makassar dimulai pada bulan Maret - April 2025 dengan menggunakan instrument kuesioner. Penelitian ini termasuk jenis penelitian observasional yang bersifat analitik dengan desain cross-sectional study. Populasi dalam penelitian berjumlah 205 dengan teknik pengambilan sampel accidental sampling sehingga diperoleh hasil perhitungan sampel menggunakan rumus Lemeshow sebanyak 125 sampel. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis univariat, bivariat dan multivariat. Hasil: Status pekerjaan (p=1,000), dukungan keluarga (p=0,124,) keterjangkauan akses pelayanan kesehatan (p=0,322) tingkat pengetahuan (p=0,424), lama menderita (p=0,827) dan riwayat pengobatan hipertensi (p=0,175) tidak berpengaruh terhadap kepatuhan minum obat; sedangkan riwayat hipertensi dalam keluarga (p=0,028) berpengaruh terhadap kepatuhan konsumsi obat; riwayat hipertensi dalam keluarga merupakan faktor yang paling berpengaruh, dimana pasien yang memiliki riwayat hipertensi dalam keluarga berpeluang 2,744 kali untuk patuh mengkomsumsi obat di wilayah kerja puskesmas Kassi-kassi kota Makassar. ABSTRACT Background: Hypertension is defined as a persistent increase in blood pressure. It is often referred to as the 'silent killer' because its symptoms are difficult to detect or may not appear at all. Data from the Kassi-kassi Community Health Center in Makassar City show that the number of hypertension patients has increased over the past three years, with the latest data in 2024 indicating 16,547 cases (26.3%). Objective: To analyze the factors influencing medication adherence among hypertensive patients. Method: This research was conducted in the working area of the Kassi-kassi Public Health Center in Makassar City from March to April 2025 using a questionnaire as the instrument. This study is an observational analytic study with a cross-sectional design. The population consisted of 205 individuals, and the sampling technique used was accidental sampling, resulting in a sample size of 125 calculated using the Lemeshow formula. The data analysis techniques used were univariate, bivariate, and multivariate analysis. Results: Employment status (p=1.000), family support (p=0.124), accessibility of healthcare services (p=0.322), level of knowledge (p=0.424), duration of illness (p=0.827), and history of hypertension treatment (p=0.175) did not significantly affect medication adherence. However, a family history of hypertension (p=0.028) was found to influence medication adherence. Family history of hypertension was identified as the most influential factor, with patients having a family history of hypertension being 2.744 times more likely to adhere to their medication regimen in the working area of the Kassi-kassi Community Health Center, Makassar City.