<![CDATA[Optimal pharmaceutical services are a crucial factor in enhancing the overall quality of hospital care. Pharmacy installations often face challenges such as non-compliance with standard operating procedures, prolonged service waiting times, and inefficiencies in drug stock management. This study aims to analyze improvements in pharmaceutical service processes through the application of Lean Management, with the goal of enhancing effectiveness, efficiency, and patient satisfaction. This research employed a qualitative descriptive approach using observations, interviews, and secondary data analysis. The setting of the study was the Pharmacy Installation at RSIA Viola Bekasi. The implementation of Lean Management was initiated and conceptualized in collaboration with the researchers and hospital management. Prior to the intervention, the average waiting time for compounded prescriptions ranged from 30 to 45 minutes, while non-compounded prescriptions took approximately 15 to 20 minutes. After the Lean intervention, these waiting times decreased significantly to an average of 20.17 minutes for compounded prescriptions and 6.5 minutes for non-compounded prescriptions—indicating an efficiency improvement of approximately 33% to 68%, depending on the type of service. The application of Lean Management also led to notable reductions in waste, improved service flow, and more effective drug inventory management through the adoption of Just-in-Time (JIT) and First Expired, First Out (FEFO) systems. These changes enhanced both the operational performance and responsiveness of the pharmacy unit. In conclusion, the findings confirm that Lean Management is an effective strategy for improving pharmaceutical service quality. By systematically addressing inefficiencies and streamlining processes, Lean principles not only support patient-centered care but also contribute to broader hospital service optimization. This study also adds to the Lean Management literature by offering contextual evidence from a maternal and child healthcare facility in the Indonesian hospital setting]]>
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