Potensi Antifouling Ekstrak Teripang (Phyllophorus sp.) Terhadap Bakteri Biofilm Di Beton Perairan Jembatan Suramadu

Arnanda, Nisya
Maisaroh, Dian Sari
Perdanawati, Rizqi Abdi

Jurnal Kelautan : Indonesian Journal of Marine Science and Technology
Vol 18, No 2: Agustus (2025)

ABSTRAKPenempelan biota pada permukaan beton diawali dengan tahapan penempelan koloni bakteri dan mikroalga (biofilm). Fenomena ini terjadi pula pada beton di jembatan Suramadu. Biofilm yang nantinya berkembang menjadi makrofouling rentan menimbulkan kerusakan sehingga diperlukan upaya untuk menghambat penempelan biofilm. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa kemampuan antifouling ekstrak teripang (Phyllophorus sp.) terhadap biofilm yang muncul di perairan jembatan Suramadu. Pengambilan sampel biofilm didapatkan dari permukaan rendaman beton di perairan jembatan Suramadu. Tahapan penelitian dimulai dari identifikasi bakteri biofilm secara morfologi, pembuatan ekstrak teripang dan pengujian antifouling dengan uji fitokimia dan uji zona hambat. Uji zona hambat ekstrak teripang (Phyllophorus sp.) dilakukan dengan hasil rendemen sebesar 5,64% dengan 2 variasi ekstrak uji yaitu 100% ekstrak dan 50% ekstrak. Bakteri biofilm diketahui terdiri dari bakteri gram positif kokus, gram positif basil, gram negatif kokus dan tidak ditemukan gram negatif basil. Hasil uji fitokimia sebagai agen antifouling yang dapat menghambat pertumbuhan biofilm antara lain fitokimia alkaloid, flavonoid dan terpernoid. Tingkat hambat ekstrak dengan kategori kuat ditemukan pada variasi ekstrak 100% yaitu 2,34–10,92 mm pada 5 isolat, pada ekstrak 50% zona hambat pada kategori lemah. Hasil ini menunjukkan adanya potensi penggunaan ektrak teripang (Phyllophorus sp.) terhadap biofilm yang muncul di perairan jembatan Suramadu.Kata kunci: Antifouling, Biofilm, Biofouling, Ekstrak Teripang, Jembatan SuramaduABSTRACTBiofouling on the concrete surface begins with the adhesion of bacterial and microalgae colonies (biofilm). This phenomenon also occurs on the concrete of the Suramadu Bridge. Biofilms, which eventually develop into macrofouling, are prone to causing damage, necessitating efforts to inhibit biofilm attachment. This study aims to analyze the antifouling potential of sea cucumber extract (Phyllophorus sp.) against biofilms found in the waters of the Suramadu Bridge. Biofilm samples were obtained from the surface of concrete submerged in the waters around the Suramadu Bridge. The research stages included the morphological identification of biofilm bacteria, preparation of sea cucumber extract, and antifouling testing through phytochemical analysis and inhibition zone tests. The inhibition zone test of the sea cucumber extract (Phyllophorus sp.) yielded a 5.64% extract with two variations tested: 100% extract and 50% extract. The biofilm bacteria were identified as gram-positive coccus, gram-positive bacilli, gram-negative coccus, but none of gram-negative bacilli found. The phytochemical analysis indicated that alkaloids, flavonoids, and terpenoids in the extract served as antifouling agents capable of inhibiting biofilm growth. A strong inhibition was observed in the 100% extract variation by the diameter 2,34 – 10,92 mm for 5 isolats, while the 50% extract showed weak inhibition. These results demonstrate the potential use of sea cucumber extract (Phyllophorus sp.) in controlling biofilm formation in the waters surrounding the Suramadu Bridge..Keyword: Antifouling, Biofilm, Biofouling, Sea Cucumber Extract, Suramadu Bridge