<![CDATA[Islamic boarding schools or pesantren, integral to traditional Islamic education in Indonesia, presently confront a pivotal moment due to the rapid advancement of technology and digital transformation. While previous studies have emphasized enhancements in institutional and curricular frameworks, there has been inadequate attention to how these modifications fundamentally transform the notion of kitab kuning literacy. This study examines the improvement of kitab kuning literacy through an extensive literature analysis that integrates many research aspects of pesantren modernism, digital pedagogy, and critical literacy. A methodical examination of academic literature was performed utilizing major databases, concentrating on publications from the previous decade and foundational texts. The results indicate that the improvement of kitab kuning literacy involves not only technical integration but also a profound transformation of the pesantren environment. Contemporary literacy encompasses three interconnected components: traditional literacy, which preserves academic heritage (sanad); adaptive digital literacy, which utilizes technological tools for accessibility and hybridity; and critical literacy, which empowers students to assess and validate information in the post-truth era. This study provides a comprehensive framework that elucidates the epistemic progression of kitab kuning literacy and delineates practical consequences for policymakers and educators in curriculum development, teacher training, and the continuous improvement of Islamic education.]]>
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