International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education (IJERE)
Vol 14, No 5: October 2025

Determinants of undergraduate recycling behavior: an extended model of the theory of planned behavior

Owee Kowang, Tan (Unknown)
Kim Yew, Lim (Unknown)
Choon Hee, Ong (Unknown)
Chin Fei, Goh (Unknown)



Article Info

Publish Date
01 Oct 2025

Abstract

Promoting positive recycling behavior should be part of the higher educational objectives. The main purpose of this research is to identify the determinants of recycling behavior among undergraduates, to assess the differences in undergraduates’ recycling behavior based on their demographic, and to explore the relationship between the determinants and behavior of recycling. The research extended the theory of planned behaviors (TPB) by adding environmental awareness as a determinant of recycling behavior in addition to attitude toward recycling, subjective norm of recycling, and perceived behavioral control over recycling. The research population comprises management programs undergraduates from a public university in Malaysia. A total of 259 responses were collected via structured questionnaire. Descriptive and Pearson correlation analysis results suggested that respondents strongly agreed that undergraduates’ attitudes and environmental awareness are the most important determinants of recycling behavior, and both determinants are strongly correlated with recycle behavior. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) analysis result also reveals that there is significant difference on recycle behaviors among undergraduates based on year of study, with year 4 undergraduates exhibiting the highest recycling behavior. This finding suggests that the green campus initiatives taken by the university are effective. Additionally, extending the TPB model by adding awareness implies a theoretical contribution of this research.

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Journal Info

Abbrev

IJERE

Publisher

Subject

Education

Description

The International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education (IJERE) is an interdisciplinary publication of original research and writing on education which publishes papers to international audiences of educational researchers. The IJERE aims to provide a forum for scholarly understanding of ...