This paper discusses the results of an analysis of the difficulties faced by mathematics education students in understanding Calculus I. Several factors were identified as the main causes of these difficulties, including abstract concepts in calculus, such as limits, derivatives, and integrals, which are difficult for students to understand. In addition, conventional teaching methods were also considered ineffective in helping students understand the material well. To address this issue, the use of visual media, technology, and more interactive learning approaches is recommended as a solution to enhance students' understanding. Internal factors, such as students' self-confidence, also influence the difficulties they experience. As a solution, the Creative Problem Solving (CPS) approach is expected to help students develop critical and creative thinking skills, thereby improving their understanding of calculus material.
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