<![CDATA[Purpose: The study examines the correlation between national environmental policy and local common sense with respect to sustainable environmental management in the city of Makassar, Indonesia. It emphasizes the intersections between official law, customary knowledge systems, and natural understandings at the local level. Subjects and Methods: The research employs a qualitative approach, drawing on interviews, on-site observations, and document analyses to capture both regulatory perspectives and community-based practices. Results: The findings indicate that although national regulation provides the structural framework and legal authority required to address environmental management, its interpretation frequently conflicts with the socio-cultural practices of local populations. These tensions stem from the rigid prescriptions of formal regulations and institutional blind spots that fail to recognize the legitimacy of indigenous environmental norms. Makassar’s local wisdom expressed through community laws, collective rituals, and ecological taboos remains vital in shaping communal environmental action but is often marginalized and insufficiently incorporated into policymaking. Conclusions: The study argues that sustainable environmental governance should move beyond compliance-based regulation toward culturally sensitive policy development and coordinated implementation across multiple institutional levels. Successful harmonization of national law and local wisdom requires adaptive governance, trans-sectoral consultation, and legal pluralism. By situating environmental policy within management studies, the research proposes a conceptual framework of co-managed governance that balances top-down controls with bottom-up knowledge, offering practical strategies for inclusive and sustainable outcomes.]]>
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