Ketidaksiapan psikologis dan stres kehamilan remaja sebagai faktor risiko depresi pasca persalinan: A literature review

Rizki, Tsabitha Syafa’atul
Ernawati, Ernawati

Holistik Jurnal Kesehatan
Vol. 19 No. 9 (2025): Volume 19 Nomor 9

Background: Teenage pregnancy is a phenomenon that not only impacts physical aspects but also causes significant psychological distress. Psychological unpreparedness and high levels of stress during pregnancy in adolescents can be major risk factors for postpartum depression. Purpose: To analyze the relationship between psychological unpreparedness and stress during teenage pregnancy and risk factors for postpartum depression. Method: A systematic literature review was conducted from various reliable sources, both national and international, including journals, official government websites, and scientific e-books. Results: Pregnant adolescents often experience fear, social stigma, economic pressure, and lack of support from family and partners, leading to significant stress during pregnancy. When this stress is not managed appropriately, it can impact postpartum mental health, such as the emergence of postpartum depressive symptoms, self-harm thoughts, and difficulties in fulfilling the motherhood role. Social support from family, partners, friends, and the community has been shown to significantly reduce stress levels and help adolescents navigate their new roles. Furthermore, interventions such as counseling, sex education, training in non-pharmacological relaxation techniques, and early mental health screening are highly recommended. Conclusion: There is a positive association between antenatal stress and psychological unpreparedness during teenage pregnancy, as well as an increased risk of postpartum depression. Cross-sector collaboration, from families to healthcare professionals, is crucial for the early detection, prevention, and treatment of mental disorders in teenage mothers to improve the quality of life of both mother and child in the future. Suggestion: Psychological support from the beginning of teenage pregnancy through family support, counseling, and regular mental health screenings is needed to reduce the risk of postpartum depression.   Keywords: Adolescents; Depression; Postpartum; Pregnancy; Psychological Unpreparedness; Stress.   Pendahuluan: Kehamilan di usia remaja merupakan fenomena yang tidak hanya berdampak pada aspek fisik, tetapi juga menimbulkan tekanan psikologis yang signifikan. Ketidaksiapan psikologis dan tingginya tingkat stres selama masa kehamilan pada remaja dapat menjadi faktor risiko utama terhadap munculnya depresi postpartum. Tujuan: Untuk menganalisis keterkaitan antara ketidaksiapan psikologis dan stres kehamilan remaja terhadap faktor risiko depresi pasca persalinan. Metode: Penelitian tinjauan literatur sistematis dari berbagai sumber terpercaya, baik nasional maupun internasional, termasuk jurnal, situs resmi pemerintah, dan e-book ilmiah. Hasil: Remaja hamil seringkali mengalami ketakutan, stigma sosial, tekanan ekonomi serta kurangnya dukungan dari keluarga dan pasangan, yang menyebabkan stres berat selama masa kehamilan. Ketika stres tersebut tidak ditangani secara tepat, maka akan berdampak pada kesehatan mental pasca melahirkan, seperti munculnya gejala depresi postpartum, keinginan menyakiti diri, dan kesulitan dalam menjalankan peran sebagai ibu. Dukungan sosial dari keluarga, pasangan, teman, dan komunitas terbukti memiliki pengaruh besar dalam menurunkan tingkat stres dan membantu remaja menjalani peran barunya. Selain itu, intervensi seperti konseling, edukasi seksual, pelatihan teknik relaksasi non-farmakologis, dan skrining kesehatan mental sejak awal kehamilan sangat direkomendasikan. Simpulan: Terdapat hubungan positif antara stres antenatal dan ketidaksiapan psikologis selama kehamilan remaja dengan meningkatnya risiko depresi postpartum. Peran lintas sektor, mulai dari keluarga hingga tenaga kesehatan, sangat penting dalam mendeteksi dini, mencegah, serta menangani gangguan mental pada ibu remaja sebagai upaya peningkatan kualitas hidup ibu dan anak di masa depan.   Saran: Diperlukan pendampingan psikologis sejak awal kehamilan remaja melalui dukungan keluarga, konseling, serta skrining kesehatan mental secara rutin untuk menekan risiko depresi postpartum.   Kata Kunci: Depresi; Kehamilan; Ketidaksiapan Psikologis; Pasca Persalinan; Remaja; Stress.