The Relationship Between Pre-Pregnancy Body Mass Index and the Incidence of Preeclampsia in Primigravida at Cibabat Regional Hospital

Utami, Hasri Larasati
Gurnadi, Jeffry Iman
Pribadi, Adhi

Indonesian Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology Science
Volume 8 Nomor 3 November 2025

Objective: This study investigates the association between pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and the incidence of preeclampsia in primigravida women.Methods: This cross-sectional study includes women who delivered at Cibabat General Hospital between 2023 and 2024. Pre-pregnancy BMI (kg/m²) was classified according to WHO categories: underweight (less than 18.5), normal (18.5–22.9), overweight (23.0–24.9), obese class I (25.0–29.9), and obese class II (≥30.0). The Spearman-Rho correlation coefficient was employed to analyze the relationship between pre-pregnancy BMI and the incidence of preeclampsia. Result: Our study demonstrated that, among 217 participants, 159 (73.3%) experienced preeclampsia. The proportion of women with an overweight/obese BMI who have preeclampsia is higher (36%-38%) compared to those with normal BMI (19%) and underweight BMI (15%). The Spearman-Rho correlation coefficient suggested a positive correlation between pre-pregnancy BMI and the incidence of preeclampsia (r = 0.367; p < 0.001), indicating that an increased BMI is statistically associated with an increased risk of preeclampsia.Conclusion: A BMI is associated with an increased risk of preeclampsia in primigravida women.Hubungan antara Indeks Massa Tubuh Sebelum Kehamilan terhadap Kejadian Preeklamsia pada Ibu Primigravida di RSUD CibabatAbstrakTujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menilai hubungan antara IMT pra-kehamilan dan insiden preeklamsia pada ibu primigravida.Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian potong lintang dan melibatkan ibu primigravida yang menjalani persalinan di RSUD Cibabat pada periode 2023 hingga 2024. IMT partisipan sebelum kehamilan dikategorikan berdasarkan standar WHO: berat badan kurang (< 18.5), normal (18.5-22.9), berat badan berlebih (23.0 – 24.9), obesitas tipe 1 (25.0 – 29.9), dan obesitas tipe 2 (≥30.0). Data kemudian dianalisis lebih lanjut menggunakan metode spearman-rho correlation coefficient untuk menetukan korelasi antara IMT pra kehamilan dan kejadian preeklampsia. Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, dari 217 partisipan pada penelitian ini, 73,3% diantaranya mengalami kejadian preeklamsia. Proporsi preeklampsia tampak lebih tinggi pada partisipan dengan berat badan berlebih/obesitas (36–38%) dibandingkan dengan partisipan dengan IMT normal (19%) dan IMT kurang berat badan (15%). Hasil uji spearman-Rho correlation coefficient menunjukkan korelasi positif antara IMT pra-kehamilan dan kejadian preeklamsia (r = 0,367; p < 0,001), mengindikasikan peningkatan IMT sebelum kehamilan berhubungan dengan risiko preeklamsia.Kesimpulan: Peningkatan IMT pra-kehamilan berhubungan dengan peningkatan risiko preeklamsia pada wanita primigravida.Kata kunci: Edukasi prakonsepsi; Indeks massa tubuh; Primigravida