<![CDATA[Background: Premature birth is still one of the largest contributors to infant mortality in Indonesia. In addition, babies born prematurely tend to develop diseases more easily. Obstetric (obstetric) factors such as the number of parity and frequency of antenatal visits as well as environmental factors such as exposure to cigarette smoke can influence the incidence of preterm birth. In Indonesia, parity is still high and the frequency of antenatal visits still varies from region to region, as well as a lack of understanding of the dangers of second-hand smoking for fetuses. This study aims to analyze the relationship and risk of parity, frequency of antenatal visits, and second-hand smoking with the incidence of premature birth. Methods: This study is a case study of Managed using the subjects of pregnant women aged 20 – 35 years who gave birth to premature and preterm babies in the period of January 2022 – December 2023 in hospitals. Pregnant women with hypertension during pregnancy, experiencing complications of antepartum hemorrhage, multiple pregnancies, smoking, alcohol consumption, and giving birth to babies with postterm gestational age (>42 weeks) were not included in this study. The questionnaire was used to collect data on the amount of parity, second-hand smoking history and frequency of antenatal visits in the last pregnancy, as well as gestational age at childbirth. Medical records and Maternal – Child Health Books are used to confirm the data collected through questionnaires. The relationship and magnitude of the risk of parity, second-hand smoking, frequency of antenatal visits to preterm birth were analyzed using the Chi-Square Test. Results: Exposure to cigarette smoke (p=0.036;OR=2.727(CI: 1.058 - 7.031)) and antenatal visits (p=0.033;OR=4.167(CI: 1.046 - 16.605)) were associated with the incidence of preterm birth, while the amount of parity was not associated (p=0.251;OR=1.699(CI: 0.685 - 4.209) with the incidence of preterm birth. Conclusions: Mothers who were exposed to cigarette smoke ≥ 5 sticks/day and had non-routine antenatal visits had a 2,727 times greater and 4,167 times greater risk of premature birth.]]>
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