<![CDATA[The advancement of Internet of Things (IoT) and fog computing technologies has created significant opportunities for more efficient, faster, and proximity-based data management. However, IoT-Fog systems face considerable challenges related to device heterogeneity, traffic dynamics, and the complexity of network topologies that continuously change. This study conducts a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) of various research works covering dynamic scheduling, routing, context-aware data flow, offloading, and IoT-Fog systems without adaptive mechanisms. The findings indicate that most existing approaches still rely on relatively static topology assumptions, rendering them insufficiently adaptive to real-time changes in network conditions. One area identified as a research gap is dynamic frequency control, an adaptive mechanism capable of dynamically adjusting data transmission intensity based on network conditions. The main conclusion of this study emphasizes the necessity for developing adaptive systems that are topology-agnostic and supported by dynamic frequency control to maintain optimal performance even under significant topology changes. Such systems are anticipated to become a crucial foundation for future IoT-Fog applications, including smart cities, Industry 4.0, and intelligent healthcare services, which demand high reliability and low latency.]]>
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