Sistem Pemantauan Gas Gunungapi Berbasis IoT dan Energi Surya untuk Mitigasi Bencana di Gunung Bromo

Hartawan Abdillah (UNIVERSITAS PANCA MARGA PROBOLINGGO Jln. Yos Sudarso, No. 107, Pabean, Dringu Probolinggo, Jawa Timur, Indonesia Kode Pos. 67271)
Wahyu Andrian Kusuma (Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana, Cemorolawang Desa Ngadisari, Kec. Sukapura, Kab. Probolinggo, Jawa Timur 67254)
Mas Ahmad Baihaqi (Universitas Panca Marga, Jln. Yos Sudarso, No. 107, Pabean, Dringu Probolinggo, Indonesia)
Alief Muhammad (Universitas Panca Marga, Jln. Yos Sudarso, No. 107, Pabean, Dringu Probolinggo, Indonesia)
Indah Noor Dwi Kusuma Dewi (Universitas Panca Marga, Jln. Yos Sudarso, No. 107, Pabean, Dringu Probolinggo, Indonesia)

JASIEK (Jurnal Aplikasi Sains, Informasi, Elektronika dan Komputer)
Vol. 7 No. 2 (2025): Desember 2025

This study presents the design of an IoT-based volcanic gas monitoring system powered by solar energy. The system integrates H₂S and CO₂ sensors with an ESP32 microcontroller, transmitting data in real time to a cloud dashboard via MQTT/HTTP protocols. A 100–300 Wp solar panel generated an average of 21 V and 2.1 A (≈529 Wh/day), significantly exceeding the sensor’s energy demand of ≈24 Wh/day. Field testing at Mount Bromo recorded average concentrations of H₂S = 0 ppm and CO₂ = 599 ppm, which are below hazardous thresholds but require continuous observation. The results demonstrate that the system is energy-efficient, stable under variable conditions, and effective in providing early warning alerts, thus supporting volcanic disaster mitigation and aligning with SDGs 9 and 13.