One of the most important problems faced by the Indonesian in implementing development is population. The population problem plays pivotal role especially for developing countries which have large population. This research was conducted using secondary data from the Indonesian Demographic and Health Survey (IDHS). The population in this study were fertile age couples (PUS), while the sample in this study were ever-married women aged 15-49 in West Nusa Tenggara Province which included 633 respondents. The second dominant variable on fertility is age at first marriage. These two variables have a noticeably considerable influence due to the cultural construction in West Nusa Tenggara Province. Two variables that do not affect fertility are the child preference variable and the occupational variable. No mediating effect was found on the variables of ideal number of children and children's preferences. In the ideal number of children variable, none of the independent variables have an effect, while in the child preference variable, only part of the independent variables have an effect. The overall R2 value for fertility is 0.519. Thus, the factors that influence fertility in West Nusa Tenggara can be suggested as age, marriage, status, education level, and ideal number of children.
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