Al Qalam: Jurnal Ilmiah Keagamaan dan Kemasyarakatan
Vol. 20, No. 1 : Al Qalam (January 2026 - Special Edition: Islamic Studies)

Imam al-Nakhaʿī on Zakatable Wealth: Implications for Indonesia’s Regulatory Framework

Nur Rif'ah Syahirah Binti Haji Muhammad Kamal Shahrum (Universiti Islam Sultan Sharif Ali (UNISSA), Brunei Darussalam)
Ridhatullah Assya’bani (Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Qur’an (STIQ) Amuntai, Indonesia)



Article Info

Publish Date
13 Jan 2026

Abstract

This study reinterprets Imam al-Nakhaʿī's methodological legacy—rooted in the early Kufan tradition of ra'y, qiyās, and the proto-Hanafi notion later formalized as istiḥsan—to develop criteria for defining zakatable wealth in contemporary economies. Using a doctrinal-comparative design, we (i) reconstruct al-Nakhaʿī's approach from classical reports and secondary scholarship; (ii) conduct a content analysis of Indonesia's Law 23/2011, Government Regulation 14/2014, MoRA Regulation 52/2014, and MUI Fatwa No. 3/2003; and (iii) contrast Indonesia's formulation with selected Malaysian practice (eg, payroll-based income zakat). The paper proposes a transferable decision matrix linking asset types (earned income/“al-māl al-mustafād,” business profits, securities, precious metals, digital/financial instruments) to normative parameters (ownership stability, growth potential, tradeability/liq uidity, and benefit realization) and to regulatory levers (niṣab benchmarks,ḥawlrequirements, net-vs-gross basis, withholding mechanisms, and hardship allowances/ḥadd al-kifaYes). Findings indicate that Indonesia's framework substantively accommodates dynamization of zakat objects but exhibits gaps of alignment—notably inconsistent treatment ofḥawland thisṣab for earned income, and ambiguity around net-of-needs calculations and financial assets. We argue that operationalizing an al-Nakhaʿī-inspired matrix can improve concept–rule coherence, guide harmonization across statute–regulation–fatwa, and furnish auditable standards for zakat agencies (eg, payroll deduction rules, asset-class worksheets, disclosure templates). Originality lies in explicitly translating an early Kufan method into concrete, testable regulatory criteria, thus bridging classical proposals with modern policy design.

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Journal Info

Abbrev

al-qalam

Publisher

Subject

Social Sciences

Description

ALQALAM : Jurnal Ilmiah Keagamaan dan Kemasyarakatan (P-ISSN: 1907-4174 ; E-ISSN: 2621-0681) merupakan jurnal berkala yang diterbitkan oleh Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Al-Quran (STIQ) Amuntai Kalimantan Selatan yang memuat tulisan dari dosen, tenaga kependidikan, pemerhati pendidikan dan lain sebagainya. ...