Jurnal Ketenagakerjaan
Vol 20 No 3 (2025): Gig Workers

Variabel-Variabel yang Mempengaruhi Persentase Tenaga Kerja Informal Gen Z di Indonesia Tahun 2021-2023

Putri, Syofmarlianisyah (Unknown)
Achmad Prasetyo (Unknown)



Article Info

Publish Date
29 Dec 2025

Abstract

Indonesia, as the fourth most populous country in the world, has great human resource potential to drive economic growth. Based on BPS data, around 69.5% of Indonesia's population is of productive age, which also increases the number of workforce every year. However, limitations in providing formal employment can cause some of the workforce, including Gen Z, to be absorbed into the informal sector. Although the informal sector has continued to grow in recent years, this sector is still faced with a number of problems, such as low wages, minimal social protection, and the dominance of low-educated workers. This study focuses on the period 2021–2023, namely the post-COVID-19 pandemic recovery period marked by the acceleration of digitalization in the world of work. The purpose of this study is to analyze the variables that influence the percentage of Gen Z informal workers in Indonesia. Using data sourced from BPS and the Ministry of Manpower, the FEM SUR method was produced on a panel of data from 34 provinces. It was found that the variables of average length of schooling, income, internet, certified training, provincial minimum wage, and GRDP per capita had a significant negative influence on the percentage of informal workers of Gen Z.. This finding suggests that improving the quality of education and economic support can drive Gen Z towards more formal and protected jobs.

Copyrights © 2025






Journal Info

Abbrev

naker

Publisher

Subject

Economics, Econometrics & Finance Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Social Sciences

Description

Jurnal Ketenagakerjaan (J-naker/The Indonesian Journal of Manpower) adalah publikasi ilmiah yang diterbitkan oleh Pusat Pengembangan Kebijakan, Kementerian Ketenagakerjaan. J-naker bekerjasama dengan beberapa asosiasi fungsional dan profesi di bidang ketenagakerjaan dalam rangka mengembangkan ...