The role of transnational corporations as providers of dual-use technology, goods, and services has become a significant threat to global security, given their potential misuse for the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction (WMD). Academic studies on corporate liability in this context in Indonesia are still very limited, despite the urgency of prevention. This study aims to analyze two main issues: first, how international legal regulations regulate corporate liability for the transfer of dual-use technology, and second, what form of corporate liability is ideal to be implemented in Indonesia to prevent such misuse. This study uses a normative juridical method to analyze national and international positive legal norms. A comparative legal approach is also used, comparing practices in Indonesia, the United States, and the European Union. Data analysis is conducted qualitatively through systematic interpretation of legal norms. It is hoped that this study can offer an adaptive accountability model for the Indonesian legal system, thereby strengthening national security in preventing proliferation risks facilitated by non-state actors.
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