<![CDATA[This study examines the effect of the Guided Inquiry learning model on senior high school students’ critical thinking skills in Civic Education, with academic self-efficacy tested as a moderating variable. This study examines the effect of the Guided Inquiry learning model on students’ critical thinking skills in Civic Education and investigates the moderating role of academic self-efficacy. The population comprised all eleventh-grade students at Muhammadiyah 02 Islamic High School, Lamongan, in East Java. Samples were selected using cluster random sampling, resulting in 79 students divided into an experimental group (n = 40) and a control group (n = 39). A quasi-experimental 2×2 factorial design was employed. Data were collected using validated and reliable test instruments and analyzed using two-way ANOVA. The results show that the Guided Inquiry model significantly improves critical thinking skills compared to conventional instruction (p < .05). Academic self-efficacy also has a significant main effect (p < .05) and interacts with the learning model (p < .05). These findings indicate that Guided Inquiry is effective for enhancing critical thinking, particularly among students with higher self-efficacy. Data were collected through validated instruments consisting of a critical thinking skills test and a self-efficacy questionnaire. Statistical analyses, including Two-Way ANOVA, were conducted to examine main effects and interaction effects. Findings indicate that (1) the Guided Inquiry model significantly improved students’ critical thinking skills compared to conventional instruction; (2) students with high self-efficacy outperformed those with low self-efficacy; and (3) a significant interaction occurred between learning model and self-efficacy.]]>
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