Bioscrew of Green Mussel (Perna viridis) Shells-derived Hydroxyapatite, Polylactic Acid and Polycaprolactone Increases Procollagen 1 Intact N-Terminal Propeptide and Alkaline Phosphatase in Rabbit Model with Bone Defect

Aprisia, Kartika Dwi
Nugroho, Eriawan Agung
Hendrianingtyas, Meita
Novriansyah, Robin
Nindita, Yora
Tjandra, Kevin Christian
Respati, Danendra Rakha Putra
Mutmainnah, Fitri
Sandra, Ferry

The Indonesian Biomedical Journal
Vol 17, No 6 (2025)

BACKGROUND: Hydroxyapatite (HA) is essential for bone regeneration and healing. Green mussel (Perna viridis) shell is a potential choice for preparing HA because they are abundant, widely available, have a smaller particle size, and have a higher HA content. Rather than using HA in powder or granule form, bioscrew has been fabricated as a composite of green mussel shell-derived HA, polylactid acid and polycaprolactone. However, its dynamic bone healing process has not been clearly disclosed, therefore Procollagen 1 Intact N-Terminal Propeptide (P1NP) and bone Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) were investigated.METHODS: Male New Zealand white rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) were used as animal model. The rabbits were anesthetized and prepared for surgery. A standardized defect was created in the metaphyseal region. For the treatment group, the defect was filled with a bioscrew implant, whereas the control group did not receive any implant. At week-2, -4 and -6 post-surgery, about 3 mL of blood was collected from rabbits' marginal ear vein to collect blood serum. The serum was used to quantify P1NP and ALP levels using Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Data of P1NP and ALP levels were then statistical analyzed.RESULTS: P1NP level of the treatment group was significantly (p<0.05) higher than the one of control group since the first monitor, at week-2. At the next monitor (week 4 and 6), P1NP levels of the treatment group were also significantly (p<0.05) higher than the ones of control group. In accordance with the P1NP results, the ALP level of the treatment group was significantly (p<0.05) higher than the one of control group.CONCLUSION: Since bioscrew of green mussel shell-derived HA, PCL and PLA could increase the PINP associated early matrix synthesis, and ALP associated with later-stage mineralization, it can be concluded that bioscrew of green mussel shell-derived HA, PCL and PLA can be a promising material to promote bone repair.KEYWORDS: bone, HA, green mussel, bioscrew, P1NP, ALP, PCL, PLA