This study examines how community participation mediates the influence of service quality, incentive systems, and social media on the impact of Waste Bank programs in the Bangka Belitung Islands. A quantitative method with explanatory design was employed with 83 active customer respondents. PLS-SEM analysis was utilized to test seven hypotheses. The results demonstrated that service quality positively influenced community participation with a coefficient of 0.368 (p < 0.001). The incentive system also promoted participation with a coefficient of 0.297 (p < 0.001). Social media exhibited the strongest influence with a coefficient of 0.432 (p < 0.001). Community participation subsequently exerted a very strong influence on program impact with a coefficient of 0.736 (p < 0.001). All three independent variables also demonstrated indirect effects on program impact through participation with coefficients of 0.271, 0.219, and 0.318 respectively. The model explained 62.3% of variance in participation and 54.7% of variance in program impact. These findings suggest the importance of integrating responsive service, varied incentives, and digital platforms to enhance participation. A 10% increase in service quality can enhance participation by 3.7% and consequently increase program impact by 2.7%. Waste Bank managers need to prioritize social media optimization as it exhibits the greatest influence, followed by service and incentive systems.
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