<![CDATA[This study analyzes the transformation of due process of law at the investigation stage in Indonesia, which has become an arena of conflict between the protection of suspects' rights and the effectiveness of law enforcement. Normatively, the Criminal Procedure Code (KUHAP) adopts the Due Process Model that guarantees human rights. However, in practice, it is still dominated by the repressive Crime Control Model, creating a gap between das sollen and das sein. Using a legal-normative research method, this study examines the normative guarantees of suspects' rights and the effectiveness of their oversight mechanisms. The results of the study show that the implementation of fundamental rights, such as the right to legal assistance (Articles 54/56 KUHAP), is still very minimal , which correlates directly with the persistence of torture practices to obtain confessions. Internal (Propam) and external (Ombudsman) oversight mechanisms have proven to be “suboptimal” in preventing maladministration. The most significant transformation has come from judicial oversight through Constitutional Court Decision No. 21/PUU-XII/2014, which expands the scope of pretrial hearings to examine the determination of suspects, searches, and seizures. This decision enforces accountability for evidence from the outset of the investigation. This study concludes that strengthening due process requires legislative reform (the Criminal Procedure Code Bill) to institutionalize the Commissioner Judge as a proactive judicial supervisor.]]>
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