Systematic Review of Blockchain Technology in Electronic Medical Record Management: Trends, Challenges, and Future Research Directions

Irmayanti, Hani
Atin, Sufa
Heryandi, Andri
Afrianto, Irawan
Rijanto, Estiko
Dwiguna Sumitra, Irfan

International Journal of Informatics, Information System and Computer Engineering (INJIISCOM)
Vol. 7 No. 2 (2026): INJIISCOM: VOLUME 7, ISSUE 2, DECEMBER 2026 (Online First)

This study explores the role of blockchain technology in addressing security and integration challenges within Electronic Medical Record (EMR) systems. Using a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) of 143 selected articles, the research highlights blockchain’s potential to provide decentralized, transparent, and secure data exchange. Key findings indicate that permissioned blockchains, specifically Hyperledger Fabric, are preferred for maintaining data integrity and managing access via smart contracts. To handle big data scalability, the study recommends a hybrid architecture, while identifying the integration of AI and IoT as the future of "smart healthcare”. Despite its promise, the primary hurdle remains the lack of global semantic standardization, which is essential for achieving full interoperability across diverse healthcare facilities. These insights offer a strategic roadmap for developing integrated, patient-centric, and secure medical record systems.