<![CDATA[The rapid growth of urbanization and building infrastructure has increased energy demand, particularly in lighting systems, prompting the development of smart lighting solutions. This study evaluates the design and performance of various smart lighting systems, emphasizing energy efficiency, user comfort, and sustainability. Using a systematic literature review and empirical analysis of published case studies, systems were assessed based on control strategies, sensor integration, and adaptability in different indoor and outdoor environments. Results indicate that occupancy- and daylight-adaptive systems can achieve energy savings between 35% and 82% compared to conventional systems (Mansur et al., 2021; Shahzad et al., 2016). Moreover, smart street and indoor lighting systems incorporating wireless sensor networks, ZigBee mesh networks, and cloud-based control improve operational efficiency and reduce CO2 emissions significantly (Bouzid et al., 2019; Padmini et al., 2022). Comparative analysis of residential and commercial implementations highlights trade-offs between energy efficiency and visual comfort, indicating that multi-sensor systems offer optimal balance (Soheilian et al., 2021; Şimşek & Giray, 2022). The findings provide practical insights for building managers and policymakers aiming to implement sustainable lighting solutions while ensuring occupant satisfaction.]]>
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