<![CDATA[This study analyzes the role of human factors and the implementation of the Safety Management System (SMS) in enhancing the effectiveness of aircraft emergency handling by Air Traffic Controllers (ATCs) in Indonesia. Human factors including situational awareness, decision-making, communication, and the management of stress and workload are identified as the primary elements influencing the accuracy and timeliness of ATC responses during critical situations. Various studies have shown that fatigue, cognitive overload, and degraded situational perception significantly contribute to the risk of loss of separation and instruction errors during emergency management. At the same time, the implementation of SMS within AirNav Indonesia, through its four core components safety policy, safety risk management, safety assurance, and safety promotion has been systematically established. However, challenges remain in the internalization of safety values, consistency of risk feedback mechanisms, and the development of a just culture at the operational level. The findings underscore that aviation safety can only be improved through a strong integration between human competence and organizational safety systems. Therefore, the study recommends strengthening human factors based training, enhancing two-way communication mechanisms, and conducting safety evaluations that incorporate physiological and psychological aspects of ATCs to improve the effectiveness of emergency handling and reinforce national air navigation safety]]>
Copyrights © 2026
