<![CDATA[Introduction: Irrational antibiotic use in pediatric populations remains a significant challenge in Indonesia, contributing to antibiotic resistance. Despite interventions and public awareness campaigns, inappropriate antibiotic prescribing and self-medication persist among patients, healthcare providers, and pharmacies. This study aims to identify trends, challenges, and potential solutions for promoting rational antibiotic use in Indonesia.Methods: A retrospective review was conducted on 11 unpublished survey studies by YOP related to antibiotic use in pediatric populations and healthcare practices in Indonesia from 2004 to 2023. Data sources included prescription surveys (2004-2012), community perception surveys (2014-2023), and healthcare provider assessments (2010-2013). Prescription patterns, antibiotic perceptions, and dispensing practices were analyzed.Results: The public surveys over two decades show a decline in the behavior of buying antibiotics without a prescription (from 91% to 23%), while the prescribing of antibiotics for colds and coughs remains high and unchanged (around 68-79%). Pharmacy assessments found that 85% of pharmacies dispensed antibiotics without a prescription and 43% advised antibiotics for URTI.Conclusion: Misconceptions about antibiotics, lack of stringent regulations on antibiotic sales, and continued overprescription by healthcare providers are the key factors of irrational antibiotic usage in pediatric population in Indonesia.]]>
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