<![CDATA[The study investigates how different finite element modelling assumptions affect the predicted load-resisting behavior of welded beam-column connections in double-span steel beam systems subjected to column-removal scenarios. Existing numerical studies commonly neglect fracture and material degradation, which may result in unconservative estimates of structural capacity. To address this limitation, nonlinear static analyses were performed in ABAQUS using two simplified modelling approaches: (i) non-fracture models that exclude plasticity damage and element deletion, and (ii) fracture-based models that incorporate ductile damage criteria with element deletion. Structural responses were evaluated in terms of load-displacement relationships, moment-rotation behavior, and the development of tensile catenary action. The results indicate that accounting for plasticity damage and fracture significantly alters the predicted response, leading to markedly lower strength and deformation capacity compared to non-fracture models. In particular, the inclusion of fracture mechanisms resulted in an approximate 50% reduction in load-carrying capacity and catenary resistance. These findings demonstrate that neglecting fracture behavior can substantially overestimate the robustness of welded beam-column connections under extreme loading conditions. The study underscores the importance of structural performance in progressive collapse analyses. ]]>
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