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Mansor, Hazrina
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Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Control & Systems Engineering Electrical & Electronics Engineering Engineering Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering

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Evaluation of recycled steel properties originating from construction steel waste Alias, Mohamad Zarif Mirza; Asnawi Subki, Nur Ezzaryn; Mansor, Hazrina; Sahol Hamid, Yazmin; Mohd Afendi, Nurizzati Hidayah; Mohd Yusoff, Mazlan; Dominic, Ellvera De Ermalina; Nasurudin, Nur Saihah
SINERGI Vol 29, No 3 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Mercu Buana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22441/sinergi.2025.3.024

Abstract

This research presents an experiment of constructional recycled steel properties that has been remelted into component-shaped specimens using green sand casting. A series of tensile, compressive and toughness tests were conducted. Then, specimens were observed using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy-Dispersive X-ray (EDX) for microstructure analysis and chemical composition determination. This experiment was done to determine whether the recycled steel quality met the industrial standards. All tests were conducted at Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), providing data on the stress-strain relationship and toughness of recycled steel. The results indicated that recycled steel exhibited tensile characteristics below the standard strength range required by Eurocode. The changes in Young’s modulus of the steel were attributed to exposure to high temperatures, causing significant vibration within the steel atoms and increasing the distance between atoms, thereby reducing tensile strength. The influence of impurities may also be a factor affecting tensile strength. The tests also concluded that the recycled steel construction waste was a brittle material with an average V-notch toughness of 24J.
Experimental investigation of the Moment Bolted Coupler (MBT) with steel on the bond strength under different monotonic pull-out tests Mohamad Nor, Mohamad Amir; Ahmad, Nursafarina; Mansor, Hazrina
SINERGI Vol 29, No 3 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Mercu Buana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22441/sinergi.2025.3.025

Abstract

The bond strength between steel reinforcement bars and mechanical bolted couplers (MBT) is essential for the structural integrity of reinforced concrete structures. However, various pull-out test methods yield inconsistent results when assessing this bond strength. This research examines the impact of reinforcement bar diameter (12mm, 16mm, and 20mm) and three different pull-out test configurations (M1, M2, and M3) on the bond strength of MBT couplers. The M1 method, employing direct tensile loading and a standard clamp zone, consistently produced the highest bond strength values across all bar diameters. Its simplicity, reliability, and adherence to standardized procedures make it the preferred method for determining the maximum bond capacity of MBTs. While the M2 and M3 methods offer insights into coupler behavior under complex loading scenarios, they exhibit lower bond strength values compared to M1. The M1 pull-out test method is recommended as the primary method for evaluating the bond strength of MBT in practical applications, with M2 testing as a potential supplement for a more comprehensive understanding of coupler behavior.
Overestimation of load-resisting capacity in double-span welded steel beams: a comparative FEM study incorporating ductile damage and element deletion Mohd Zaman, Nor Idahyu; Subki, Nur Ezzaryn Asnawi; Hamid, Yazmin Sahol; Mansor, Hazrina
SINERGI Vol 30, No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Mercu Buana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22441/sinergi.2026.1.027

Abstract

The study investigates how different finite element modelling assumptions affect the predicted load-resisting behavior of welded beam-column connections in double-span steel beam systems subjected to column-removal scenarios. Existing numerical studies commonly neglect fracture and material degradation, which may result in unconservative estimates of structural capacity. To address this limitation, nonlinear static analyses were performed in ABAQUS using two simplified modelling approaches: (i) non-fracture models that exclude plasticity damage and element deletion, and (ii) fracture-based models that incorporate ductile damage criteria with element deletion. Structural responses were evaluated in terms of load-displacement relationships, moment-rotation behavior, and the development of tensile catenary action. The results indicate that accounting for plasticity damage and fracture significantly alters the predicted response, leading to markedly lower strength and deformation capacity compared to non-fracture models. In particular, the inclusion of fracture mechanisms resulted in an approximate 50% reduction in load-carrying capacity and catenary resistance. These findings demonstrate that neglecting fracture behavior can substantially overestimate the robustness of welded beam-column connections under extreme loading conditions. The study underscores the importance of structural performance in progressive collapse analyses. 
Co-Authors Ahmad, Nursafarina Alias, Mohamad Zarif Mirza Asnawi Subki, Nur Ezzaryn Dominic, Ellvera De Ermalina Hamid, Yazmin Sahol Mohamad Nor, Mohamad Amir Mohd Afendi, Nurizzati Hidayah Mohd Yusoff, Mazlan Mohd Zaman, Nor Idahyu Nasurudin, Nur Saihah Sahol Hamid, Yazmin Subki, Nur Ezzaryn Asnawi