<![CDATA[Effective thermal management is critical for the safety and performance of lithium-ion batteries. This study numerically investigates a liquid cooling system with a mini-channel cold plate, focusing on how different coolant ṁ affect the thermal performance of an 18650 cylindrical lithium-ion battery module. Simulations were conducted using three mass flow rate 0.0001, 0.0003, and 0.0005 kg/s to evaluate their impact on maximum temperature and temperature difference. Results show that increasing the ṁ significantly lowers the battery's maximum temperature. besides, increasing the mass flow rate will cause a higher pressure drop. All configurations successfully maintained excellent temperature uniformity, keeping the temperature difference well below the critical 5°C threshold. Therefore, this study confirms the system's effectiveness and highlights that selection of mass flow rate can be reviewed based on the efficiency factor in pressure drop for designing reliable battery thermal management systems.]]>
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