Angkasa: Jurnal Ilmiah Bidang Teknologi
Vol 18, No 1 (2026): Februari

An End-to-End Machine Learning Pipeline for Online Purchase Intention Prediction Using Random Forest and MLOps Practices

Setiawan, Akas Bagus (Unknown)
Riskiawan, Hendra Yufit (Unknown)
Putranto, Hermawan Arief (Unknown)
Rizaldi, Taufiq (Unknown)
Atmoko, Rachmad Andri (Unknown)



Article Info

Publish Date
20 Feb 2026

Abstract

Predicting online shoppers' purchase intention is a key issue in e-commerce because it directly affects conversion and marketing effectiveness. The main focus of this article is a Random Forest purchase-intention model accompanied by an end-to-end MLOps implementation to ensure production readiness. The dataset used is Online Shoppers Intention with 12,330 samples and 18 features representing administrative, informational, and product-related characteristics, along with behavioral metrics. Preprocessing includes missing-value imputation, numerical feature standardization, categorical feature encoding, and outlier removal using the z-score method. The model is optimized with GridSearchCV and 3-fold cross-validation. Test results show 91.38% accuracy with 73.60% precision, 56.64% recall, and 64.02% F1-score for the positive class. MLOps implementation uses MLflow for experiment tracking, Prometheus-Grafana for monitoring, and a GitHub Actions-based CI/CD pipeline for deployment automation. Overall, the Random Forest model delivers strong predictive performance on e-commerce data and is supported by an MLOps pipeline that improves reproducibility, deployment, and production monitoring

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