<![CDATA[Despite the proliferation of Community-Based Tourism (CBT) as a sustainable development tool, its long-term viability remains precarious due to structural fragility and external disruptions. This Systematic Literature Review (SLR) investigates the institutional arrangements underpinning CBT resilience in Southeast Asia, addressing the gap between normative participation and actual sustainability. Guided by PRISMA 2020 protocols, the study synthesizes 34 high-impact, Scopus-indexed articles (2020–2025) through a rigorous three-stage coding process: open, axial, and selective. The findings demonstrate that CBT sustainability is not an inherent byproduct of community participation but an emergent institutional process. We propose a novel conceptual advancement: the CBT Institutional Resilience Framework, integrating three interdependent pillars: collaborative governance, social entrepreneurship, and institutional harmonization. This framework shifts the theoretical focus from utilitarian participation toward "Institutional Commoning," anchored in Adaptive Governance Theory. The synthesis reveals a triadic logic: while collaborative structures provide the foundation for multi-stakeholder risk-sharing, social enterprise models function as the essential economic engine for self-reliance. Crucially, institutional harmonization is identified as the vital mediator required to mitigate policy fragmentation and the digital divide. By bridging the gap between national regulations and local sovereignty, this study situates "local ownership" as an emergent outcome of institutional alignment. These findings offer a theoretically grounded roadmap for transitioning from donor-dependent projects to resilient, community-owned entities in post-crisis tourism landscapes.]]>
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