Research and Development in Education (RaDEn)
Vol. 5 No. 2 (2025): December

Bullying prevention model through character education in early childhood education institutions in Malang City

Siti Mahmudah (Pedagogy Study Program, Postgraduate, Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang, Indonesia)
Nurul Zuriah (Civic Education Study Porgram, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang, Indonesia)
Endang Poerwanti (Pedagogy Study Program, Postgraduate, Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang, Indonesia)



Article Info

Publish Date
13 Nov 2025

Abstract

Bullying, once perceived as a phenomenon confined to adolescence, is increasingly recognized in early childhood education. Although frequently overlooked or rationalized as playful interaction, behaviors such as name-calling, pushing, toy-snatching, or social exclusion represent forms of bullying that can disrupt children’s social, emotional, and moral development. This study aims to design a bullying prevention model through character education in Early Childhood Education (ECE) institutions located in Blimbing District, Malang City, Indonesia. A qualitative multi-site approach was employed, involving observations, interviews, and documentation in three institutions: TK Muslimat NU 14, TK Al Hadi Kids Campus, and TK ABA 12. Data analysis used the Miles et al model, covering reduction, display, and conclusion drawing. The findings revealed that bullying in ECE typically manifests in verbal (mockery, nicknames), physical (pushing, snatching toys), and social (exclusion from play) forms. Teachers and schools applied three major strategies: responsive (immediate intervention and dialogue), reflective (morning circle discussions and value reflection), and participatory (collaborative play and social responsibilities). These strategies align with the dimensions of the Profil Pelajar Pancasila—piety, mutual cooperation, critical reasoning, independence, and noble character. Based on these insights, the study proposes a four-pillar Bullying Prevention Model: positive habituation, reflective dialogue, collaborative play, and school–parent partnership. This model offers a holistic framework for building safe, inclusive, and character-based learning environments in ECE.

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Journal Info

Abbrev

raden

Publisher

Subject

Education

Description

Research and Development in Education is a scientific journal that aims at publishing research results and review in Research and Development of education in various science fields. Research and Development results can be in classroom-oriented, product-oriented, and system-oriented perspectives ...