<![CDATA[ABSTRAK Latar Belakang: Puskesmas sebagai fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan primer memiliki berbagai potensi bahaya kerja, seperti paparan agen infeksius, bahan kimia, limbah medis, serta beban kerja fisik dan psikososial, sehingga memerlukan penerapan manajemen Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja (K3) yang komprehensif dan berkelanjutan. Namun, berbagai studi menunjukkan bahwa pelaksanaan program K3 di Puskesmas masih belum sepenuhnya sesuai dengan standar dan regulasi yang berlaku. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji penerapan manajemen K3 di Puskesmas Indonesia, mengidentifikasi pola implementasi, faktor pendukung dan penghambat, serta kesenjangan antara kebijakan dan praktik di lapangan. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan literature review dengan pendekatan systematic literature review. Pencarian artikel dilakukan secara sistematis melalui database Google Scholar, PubMed, Garuda, dan portal jurnal nasional terakreditasi dengan rentang tahun publikasi 2015–2025. Kata kunci yang digunakan antara lain “penerapan manajemen K3”, “K3 Puskesmas”, “occupational safety and health management”, dan “primary health care Indonesia”. Sebanyak 15 artikel yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dianalisis secara naratif berdasarkan komponen utama manajemen K3 (kebijakan, perencanaan, implementasi, serta monitoring dan evaluasi). Hasil: Hasil review menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar Puskesmas telah memiliki kebijakan dan struktur organisasi K3, namun implementasi program K3 masih parsial dan belum sepenuhnya terintegrasi dalam sistem manajemen mutu Puskesmas. Kesenjangan utama ditemukan pada perencanaan berbasis identifikasi bahaya dan penilaian risiko, ketidakmerataan pelatihan K3, keterbatasan sarana prasarana, rendahnya kepatuhan penggunaan APD, pengelolaan limbah yang belum konsisten, serta lemahnya dokumentasi dan pelaporan insiden. Pandemi COVID?19 sempat mendorong penguatan aspek proteksi infeksi dan penggunaan APD, namun praktik tersebut belum seluruhnya berlanjut sebagai budaya keselamatan yang mengakar. Kesimpulan: Penerapan manajemen K3 di Puskesmas Indonesia belum sepenuhnya memenuhi standar yang diharapkan dan masih dipengaruhi oleh keterbatasan sumber daya, pelatihan, dan budaya keselamatan. Diperlukan penguatan perencanaan K3 berbasis risiko, pemenuhan sarana prasarana, pelatihan berkelanjutan, serta pengembangan budaya keselamatan kerja untuk meningkatkan perlindungan bagi tenaga kesehatan, pasien, dan masyarakat di layanan kesehatan primer. Kata Kunci: Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja, Manajemen K3, Puskesmas, Sistem Manajemen K3, Literature review. ABSTRACTBackground: Community health centers (Puskesmas), as primary healthcare facilities, are exposed to various occupational hazards such as infectious agents, chemicals, medical waste, and physical and psychosocial workloads, thereby requiring the implementation of a comprehensive and sustainable Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) management system. However, numerous studies indicate that OSH programs in Puskesmas have not yet been fully implemented in accordance with existing standards and regulations. Objective: This study aims to examine the implementation of OSH management in Indonesian community health centers, and to identify implementation patterns, facilitating and inhibiting factors, as well as gaps between policy and practice in the field. Methods: This study is a literature review employing a systematic literature review approach. Articles were systematically searched through databases such as Google Scholar, PubMed, Garuda, and accredited national journal portals, covering the publication period 2015–2025. The keywords used included “penerapan manajemen K3,” “K3 Puskesmas,” “occupational safety and health management,” and “primary health care Indonesia.” A total of 15 articles that met the inclusion criteria were analyzed narratively based on the main components of OSH management (policy, planning, implementation, and monitoring and evaluation). Results: The review indicates that most Puskesmas have established OSH policies and organizational structures; however, OSH program implementation remains partial and has not been fully integrated into the overall quality management system of Puskesmas. Key gaps were identified in hazard identification and risk-based planning, uneven provision of OSH training, limited facilities and infrastructure, low compliance with personal protective equipment (PPE) use, inconsistent waste management, and weak documentation and incident reporting. The COVID?19 pandemic temporarily strengthened infection prevention measures and PPE use, but these practices have not been consistently sustained as a deeply rooted safety culture. Conclusion: The implementation of OSH management in Indonesian community health centers has not yet fully met the expected standards and remains constrained by limited resources, training, and safety culture. Strengthening risk?based OSH planning, fulfilling OSH facilities and infrastructure, providing continuous training, and developing a robust safety culture are required to enhance protection for healthcare workers, patients, and communities in primary healthcare services. Keywords: Occupational Safety and Health, OSH Management, Community Health Center, OSH Management System, Literature review.]]>
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