<![CDATA[The identification of diseases in betta fish based on visual symptoms remains a challenge, particularly for beginners who lack experience in recognizing disease characteristics. This study aims to implement an image-based MobileNetV2 architecture as a diagnostic support system to detect dropsy and popeye diseases in betta fish that have already exhibited visual symptoms. The dataset used in this study consists of 600 betta fish images divided into three classes: healthy, dropsy, and popeye, with 200 images in each class, collected from the internet. Data preprocessing was conducted through image ratio adjustment, normalization, and data augmentation to increase data variability. A transfer learning approach was applied by freezing most layers of the MobileNetV2 feature extractor and fine-tuning several of the final layers. Model evaluation was performed using 5-Fold Cross Validation to ensure experimental stability and reproducibility. The best model from each fold was then combined using an ensemble method based on average probability to improve prediction performance on the test dataset. Experimental results show that the average 5-Fold Cross Validation accuracy reached 74.71% with a standard deviation of ±4.57%, while the Macro-F1 score achieved ±74.43%. The ensemble approach produced a test accuracy of 85.56% with balanced classification performance across all classes. Grad-CAM visualizations indicate that the model is able to focus on image regions relevant to disease symptoms. These findings demonstrate that the MobileNetV2 architecture is effective as an image-based diagnostic support tool for betta fish diseases.]]>
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