The transformation of digital literacy driven by advances in artificial intelligence, including ChatGPT, has created dual impacts on education, expanding learning access while potentially decreasing students’ critical thinking skills This study aims to analyze the role of ChatGPT and digital literacy in students' critical thinking abilities. The method used is a systematic literature review of ten selected articles from one hundred relevant publications issued between 2020 and 2025. The findings show that ChatGPT and digital literacy can stimulate analytical, reflective, and evaluative thinking. However, the use of ChatGPT without proper guidance may reduce originality of thought and make students less active in seeking alternative sources. Therefore, the use of ChatGPT needs to be balanced with strong digital literacy so that learning remains adaptive and supports the development of critical thinking in the digital era.
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