<![CDATA[The escalating crisis of antibiotic resistance necessitates the exploration of novel antibacterial agents from natural sources. Green betel leaf (Piper betle L.) is a traditional medicinal plant empirically known for its antiseptic properties. This study aimed to scientifically evaluate the antibacterial activity of its ethanol extract against the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Extraction was performed via maceration with 96% ethanol, followed by phytochemical screening and antibacterial testing using the disc diffusion method at concentrations of 15%, 20%, and 25% (w/v). Chloramphenicol and 96% ethanol served as positive and negative controls, respectively. Phytochemical analysis confirmed the presence of phenolics, tannins, alkaloids, and terpenoids. The extract exhibited antibacterial activity against P. aeruginosa, with inhibition zones of 3.32 mm, 2.58 mm, and 3.59 mm for the 15%, 20%, and 25% concentrations, respectively, categorizing all as "moderate" activity. While significantly lower than the positive control (22.37 mm), this activity confirms the extract's potential. The highest activity at the 25% concentration suggests a dose-dependent relationship. These findings support the traditional use of betel leaf and provide a scientific basis for its development as a complementary natural antibacterial agent against resilient pathogens like P. aeruginosa.]]>
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