Science and Technology Indonesia
Vol. 11 No. 2 (2026): April

Some Properties of Generalized Token Graphs

Muna, Naelufa Syifna Wifaqotul (Unknown)
Raventino (Unknown)
Utami, Rintang (Unknown)
Lia, Febby Desy (Unknown)
Huda, Muhammad Nurul (Unknown)
Susanti, Yeni (Unknown)



Article Info

Publish Date
13 Mar 2026

Abstract

The generalized k-token graph GFk(G) is a graph with the k-subsets of V(G) as the vertices, and two different vertices are adjacent if and only if the symmetric difference contains at least one edge of G. This model extends the classical k-token graph by relaxing the adjacency condition, leading to increased edge density and altered topological properties. In this paper, we establish the fundamental properties of GFk(G), including its connectivity, duality, and monotonicity. We provide exact formulas for the vertex degrees and the total size of GF2(G), along with combinatorial bounds for k > 2. Furthermore, we characterize the girth and clique numbers, proving that GFk(G) is highly prone to containing triangles even when the base graph is triangle-free. We also explore the inheritance of Hamiltonicity and bipartiteness, demonstrating that while connectivity is preserved, bipartiteness is lost for almost all bipartite graphs with at least four vertices. Our results provide a comprehensive structural characterization of this generalization, bridging the gap between classical token graphs and broader set-theoretic graph constructions.

Copyrights © 2026






Journal Info

Abbrev

JSTI

Publisher

Subject

Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Environmental Science Materials Science & Nanotechnology Physics

Description

An international Peer-review journal in the field of science and technology published by The Indonesian Science and Technology Society. Science and Technology Indonesia is a member of Crossref with DOI prefix number: 10.26554/sti. Science and Technology Indonesia publishes quarterly (January, April, ...