Integrating Molecular, Digital, and Morphological Insights: The Unavoidable Future of Oncologic Diagnostics

Arie Widiansyah Hasibuan (Department of Anatomical Pathology, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia)
Delyuzar Delyuzar (Department of Anatomical Pathology, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia)

Indonesian Journal of Cancer
Vol. 20 No. 1 (2026): March

The remarkable progress of Anatomical Pathology over recent decades has fundamentally reshaped the landscape of oncologic diagnostics. From the early era when microscopic interpretation of routine hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) stained sections formed the diagnostic cornerstone, the discipline has evolved into a complex hub of integrated biological data. This journey began with mastery of histopathological and cytological morphology and expanded to the use of histochemical and immunohistochemical stains, enabling precise visualization of specific proteins. The transformation continued as molecular technologies became routinely implemented in major laboratories, extending diagnostic capacity far beyond the limits of the optical microscope.