Automotive Experiences
Vol. 9 No. 1 (2026)

The Influence of Hard and Soft Magnetic Nanoparticle Additives in Magnetorheological Fluids on the Performance of Magnetorheological Dampers for Motorcycle

Rahmad Rizki Nur Arifin (Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Malaysia)
Bhre Wangsa Lenggana (Universitas Jenderal Soedirman, Indonesia)
Ubaidillah Ubaidillah (Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta, Indonesia)
Irfan Bahiuddin (Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia)
Kacuk Cikal Nugroho (Akademi Inovasi Indonesia, Indonesia)
Fitrian Imaduddin (Islamic University of Madinah, Saudi Arabia)
Saiful Amri Mazlan (Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Malaysia)
Arjon Turnip (Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia)



Article Info

Publish Date
31 Mar 2026

Abstract

Magnetorheological Fluids (MRFs) are widely utilised in semi-active suspension systems due to the ability to dynamically alter their viscosity. The frequently issue in the application of MRFs are sedimentation and aggregation stability. To address this issue, the MRFs have been modified by incorporating hard and soft magnetic nanoparticles. The MRFs investigated were MRF-carbonyl iron powder (CIP), MRF-CIP+cobalt ferrite (CoFe2O4), and MRF-CIP+manganese ferrite (MnFe2O4). The objective of this work is to evaluate the performance of these MRFs to implement the results to motorcycle dampers. To ascertain the MRFs’ magnetic properties and viscosity (η), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) and rheometer testing were conducted, respectively. The performance of magnetorheological valve (MRV) was analysed using finite element method magnetics (FEMM) simulations with variations in fluid gaps and types of MRFs. The results indicated that the MRV design with a fluid gap of 0.9 mm, utilizing MRF-CIP+CoFe2O4, exhibited an appropriate combination to fulfil the damping force (Fd) requirements of the motorcycle suspension system. The damping force varied from 0.941 to 3.858 kN, indicating a growth of around 310%. This study demonstrates that the proposed MRV design and the modification of MRFs could enhance the performance of the motorcycle damping system, as evidenced by the experimental and simulation results. The house of quality (HoQ) demonstrates that the proposed magnetorheological damper (MRD) is significantly superior to its competitors in effectively fulfilling customer requirements and expectations.

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Journal Info

Abbrev

AutomotiveExperiences

Publisher

Subject

Aerospace Engineering Automotive Engineering Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Control & Systems Engineering Electrical & Electronics Engineering Energy Materials Science & Nanotechnology Mechanical Engineering

Description

Automotive experiences invite researchers to contribute ideas on the main scope of Emerging automotive technology and environmental issues; Efficiency (fuel, thermal and mechanical); Vehicle safety and driving comfort; Automotive industry and supporting materials; Vehicle maintenance and technical ...