The Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation on Sputum Conversion, Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate and Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio in Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients – A Randomized Controlled Trial

Muchamad Regi Sonjaya (Department of Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lambung Mangkurat University, Ulin Hospital Banjarmasin, South Kalimantan)
Mohamad Isa (Department of Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lambung Mangkurat University, Ulin Hospital Banjarmasin, South Kalimantan)
Alfi Yasmina (Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Lambung Mangkurat University, Banjarmasin, South Kalimantan)
Isa Ansori (Department of Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lambung Mangkurat University, Ulin Hospital Banjarmasin, South Kalimantan)
Ira Nurrasyidah (Department of Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lambung Mangkurat University, Ulin Hospital Banjarmasin, South Kalimantan)
Erna Kusumawardhani (Department of Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lambung Mangkurat University, Ulin Hospital Banjarmasin, South Kalimantan)

Medica Hospitalia
Vol. 13 No. 1 (2026): Med Hosp

BACKGROUND : The health issue of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) remains a concern in Indonesia. Vitamin D supplementation is one way to manage tuberculosis, which is a crucial case control metric. It is anticipated that vitamin D's anti-inflammatory properties will lower erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and inflammatory indicators, hence speeding up sputum conversion. AIMS :  To analyze the effect of vitamin D supplementation on sputum conversion, ESR and neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) among pulmonary tuberculosis patients METHOD : Patients with pulmonary tuberculosis who were treated as outpatients at Ulin Banjarmasin Hospital and Pekauman Health Centre between May-July 2024 and who satisfied the study's inclusion requirements were included in the randomised controlled trial. Subjects were randomly divided into 2 groups (19 subjects in the treatment group and 19 subjects in the control group) using random selection with sealed envelopes. The treatment group received antituberculosis drugs (ATD) and vitamin D supplementation at a dose of 10,000 IU/day for eight weeks after the initiation of TB therapy, while the control group received ATD and a placebo. ESR and NLR examinations were performed prior to treatment, in weeks 4 and 8, whereas sputum evaluations were conducted at weeks 2, 4, 6, and 8. Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS) was used for data analysis. P-value <0,05 was significant statistically. RESULT :  The study subjects were 38 pulmonary TB patients, most of whom were women (65.0%) with an average age of 50.42 ± 18.61 years. Overall, during the 8 weeks of intervention, there was a significant effect of vitamin D supplementation on sputum conversion (OR = 1.61, 95%CI = 0.030-0.931, p = 0.037). There was no significant effect of vitamin D supplementation on NLR (regression coefficient = 0.549, 95%CI = -1.769-2.858, p = 0.641) and ESR (regression coefficient = -5.529, 95%CI = -20.658-9.599, p = 0.474). CONCLUSION : Vitamin D supplementation significantly affects sputum conversion. In the 8th week, almost all subjects who initially had positive BTA became negative. But does not significantly affect ESR and NLR.